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An intriguing Answer
An American explorer named Bill Spohrer, who was a resident of Peru, came up with the tantalizing theory that the Nazcan Indians had actually used hot-air balloons in the setting out of the Nazca markings. Whilst Spohrer was well aware that the first balloon flight on record didn’t occur until 1709, in Lisbon, (around at least 1700 years after the Nazca markings were created) he decided to prove his theory by attempting a risky experiment, following various ancient clues he had come upon in Peru.

The first clue was the apparent depictions of balloons and kites on the Nazca pottery mentioned above. The second clue lay in the extremely close weave of Nazcan fabrics he had seen in tombs close to the site of the markings. It was even finer and lighter than that synthetic fabric used in making modern balloons, and when it was tested, it turned out to be even more tightly-woven than modern parachute material! The third clue Spohrer came upon, he found in an ancient ceremony practiced by the Indians at the end of religious festivals. They sent small hot-air balloons up into the sky!

When he subsequently inquired into this, he learned from an ancient Inca legend, that a certain Inca boy-hero had actually made several valiant “reconnaissance flights” over enemy tribal territory, hanging from a hot-air balloon!

For Spohrer, this was the clincher, and, together with a few helpers, he resolved to put his theory into actual practice. Together they constructed a balloon of sorts, utilizing only those materials and methods he thought may have been available to the Nazcans. Then, with a couple of anxious aviators crouching in a crude gondola woven from reeds, the rough and ready craft, which Spohrer christened “Condor I”, soared aloft over the desert plains and hills of Nazca. As proof of his conviction that the ancients really had utilized the hot-air balloon, this amazing flight of Spohrer’s was a complete success and a total vindication of his theory - which had brought so much earlier derision from archaelogical and scientific circles. However, despite him having more or less proved that the laying out of the Nazca markings had obviously been directed from such a balloon - or perhaps several of them - it still didn’t clarify the actual purpose of the markings being laid in the first place!

Still, as the Inca legends suggest, the lines may have been laid as symbolic guidelines, and the drawings might have held some religious significance for the souls and bodies of Nazcan chietains. Their bodies are believed to have been sent up to Heaven suspended from balloons after their deaths! Hence the probable origin of the curious memorial balloon ceremonies which Spohrer had observed being practiced by the Indians after religious festivals and funerals. It’s interesting to speculate that, since these Nazcan markings and rituals are recorded in later Inca legends, one may well assume that the bodies of many great Inca chiefs or even kings might also have been dispatched heavenward from that very same place!

Hang-Gliders of the Inca!
Another interesting point that is connected with this mysterious business of aerial flight among the Incas (as well as their forerunners), are the reports by early historians concerning their use of a type of “hang-glider” among the high cliffs and valleys of the Andes. These reports are supported by various ancient pre-Incan drawings and carvings of “flying-men”, equipped with some kind of artificial wings!

Other Strange Markings
There are of course other sites around the world where gigantic ground-markings and figures are to be found, such as those near Blythe, just east of Los Angeles in California, that are depictions of human and animal figures between 50 to 170 feet in length. These have been produced in precisely the same way as those in Nazca, by removing dark topsoil to reveal the lighter sand beneath, and again, they are really only visible from the air. The glyphs cannot be attributed to the Indians (Mohaves and Chemehuavis) who once frequented the region, since they had no knowledge of them, so they must have long pre-dated them. There is another notable image near Sacton, Arizona, on the Gila river which the Pima Indians, (who again don’t know who created it), call “Haakvaak” or “Hawk Lying Down”. There are other similar giant figures in Ohio, the Mississippi Valley and Wyoming, as well as in other countries such Chile, Britain, and Australia. They all appear rather to be signals to viewers from the heavens than to people at ground level, and no doubt many other similar megagraphs still await discovery. The implication is that these were all designed specifically to be seen from above, which reinforces the existence in ancient times of flying-machines or airships!

As somebody famous once said: “There is no new thing under the sun!” Man just seems to continue to “re-invent the wheel”!

Crop Circles?
The so-called “crop-circles”, that seem to be very strictly a modern-day phenomena, are also examples of mysterious designs specifically created to be viewed from the sky. However, I tend to take these with more than a hefty grain of salt, since I suspect that they are nothing more than cleverly-executed hoaxes, designed to confuse gullible UFO enthusiasts. No doubt we will eventually discover how they are actually executed - perhaps by someone using a small helicopter - or even a hot-air balloon? There has to be a perfectly rational, even if cleverly-cunning, method for creating them!

Amazing Ancient Artifacts
Before we leave these technical accomplishments of the ancients, we should perhaps take time out to consider some of the astonishing artifacts from the past which have been turned up in the unlikeliest of places. Take for example, before we leave the subject of flight and South America, the amazing golden model of what closely resembles a delta-wing jet plane. It was discovered in a Colombian tomb well over 1000 years old, and at first was thought to be so sort of abstract representation of either a bird or a butterfly, or even a flying-fish.
However, it has since been more closely considered in light of other surprisingly technological-looking models and toys from the same region, and it is now considered to bear many of the attributes of the latest models of delta-winged jet-fighters, especially the Swedish SAAB fighter, even down to an intricately-detailed instrument panel inside the “cockpit”, and other extraordinary plane-like features that appear on its underside. Other such “model jet planes” have been found since.

Ancient Gliders!
Whilst on the subject of “ancient aircraft”; I am reminded of the amazing discovery of some wooden “toy gliders” in several ancient Egyptian tombs. At first these were thought to have been some sort of flying bird-models for children to play with, but upon closer inspection and experimentation, they were found to be actual aerodynamically-fashioned glider-planes, since they had wings rather similar in shape to the British “Spitfire”aircraft of WW2, and also possessed adjustable vertical rudders, both of which are totally non-birdlike!

It seemed obvious, judging by the pictures I saw of these models, that somebody in the remote past had endeavoured to improve upon the flight of birds. And in very much the same way that modern man has done - but 4000 or 5000 years earlier! True, they were only gliders and not powered airplanes, but the astonishing thing is that they worked, and, had that ancient designer only persevered with his idea toward powered models, technology might have taken a gigantic leap forward, way back in the days of the ancient pharaohs - or even earlier!

However, on the other hand, it’s also possible that the model-maker may have been influenced by some even more ancient “museum-relic” powered aerial-craft from a technologically-advanced culture that existed long before the Egyptians. It isn’t inconceivable that there might even be a connection between these gliders and the pre-Colombian golden “delta-wing jet” models found in very ancient royal tombs, in that both could have stemmed from the same original extremely archaic source.

Mayan Tractors?
Besides these “jet-plane” artifacts, there have also been discovered other “toys” or models of what closely resemble modern earth-moving machines, complete with what look like clawed digging-mechanisms and even gear-wheels, operating levers, and so forth! What is most intriguing about these “toys” however (if that is what they were, and not actual scaled-down model prototypes), is that many of them have wheels - something which is not found in any of the old Mesoamerican or Inca cultures! It would seem more than passing strange that they should apply wheels to toys, but not employ the wheel for any actual real-life purpose, such as conveyances or mills, etc?

Nonetheless, according to all that has been learned about the early American cultures, the wheel, although placed on toys, appears to have never been utilized anywhere in the ancient Americas (and thus presumably not in Mu either) as a useful workaday transportation device or technological aid, until the advent of the Europeans! Could it be that the Mesoamerican priesthood exercised some form of ritual religious hoodoo forbidding their use for labor-saving purposes?

Inexplicable Artifacts
There are many other amazing artifacts from the past which are totally inexpicable, if we assume that all the great technological achievements of mankind can only be attributed to the recent period of time since the Industrial Revolution. What, for example, are we to make of those fantastically perfect huge stone spheroids found in the South American jungle, and those wonderously-fashioned “Crystal Skulls” from Central America? Not to mention the amazing pieces of geared clockwork mechanism which have been unearthed by archaeologists whilst excavating ancient sites in Greece?

And what about those ancient electrical batteries, which are basically the same as modern torch-batteries in principle and components, that were found in Iraq, and were probably used by the ancient Parthians to electroplate objects with gold? What, too, of that astonishing uncorroded iron pillar found in the ruins of an old mosque in New Delhi, which contains neither phosphorus nor sulphur, and displays no sign whatever of rust even though it is many centuries old, and has been exposed directly to the elements for most of that time?

Is it really possible that all of these astonishing discoveries may in fact be nothing more than simple wishfully imagined “pseudo-technology”? Or were our remote ancestors actually a great deal more technologically wise and accomplished than we have thus far been led to believe?

Anomalous “Out-of-Time-and-Place” Finds
All sorts of other fascinating manufactured objects are sometimes discovered in the most impossible places - such as sealed in coal-seams that lie hundreds of feet below ground-level, or even inside layers of solid rock! I have seen photographs of several of these apparently temporally and spatially-displaced items, that have been unearthed by miners and archaeologists locked in totally undisturbed coal or rock strata which must have been originally laid down at least tens of millions of years ago!

One curious item specifically springs to mind, since it took the form of two metallic rings, or circular rims, mounted at the top and bottom of a curious right-angular metal framework and manufactured from an unidentifiable alloy. The object resembled a part of some sort of precision optical instrument, such as a spectroscope, or maybe even a microscope, but devoid of any enclosing tube, prism or lenses. It was two or three inches in length, and had obviously been machine-made! How could such a modern-looking artifact have gotten into a Carboniferous Age coal-seam?

Other such discoveries are items of obviously skilfully hand-crafted jewellery or personal ornamentation, like ear-rings or brooches, or even necklaces of gold and silver. Some of these were found embedded deep in between layers of solid sandstone during a deep excavation in the Arizona desert! Many human artifacts, such as metal nails, gold thread, and even a fragile decorated metal vase have been found embedded in apparently solid rock, in the Middle East. An especially interesting item, which was found inside a 50,000 year-old geode (or hollow stone), was a complex metal cylindrical object within a white ceramic casing, that bore an uncannily-close resemblance to a modern-day automotive spark-plug!

Footprints in Time?
Perhaps one of the oldest of these human artifacts ever discovered, was the fossilised print of a leather shoe which showed such extremely fine stitching around the edge of the sole that it would have put many a modern shoe-maker completely to shame! This was discovered inside a piece of Nevada limestone which was carbon-dated at some 180-225 million years old! A similar fossilised find was that of a trilobite ( a small marine crustacean species said to have been extinct for nearly 30 million years) obviously crushed by, and embedded into, the soleprint of a sandalled human foot!

“And a Little Child shall lead Them…”
Beside the Paluxy River in Texas, two sets of footprinted tracks have been discovered quite literally cast in stone along its rocky banks. One set appear to be those of a small human, perhaps a child, whilst the other set are those of a three-toed dinosaur!
Although it is amazing to find human and dinosaur footprints so clearly imprinted at the same time, what is even more astonishing is that they appear to have been walking, side by side, and not the one being pursued by the other! The heel-prints of both are the same depth as those of their toes - so it seems clear that neither of them was running! (Perhaps it was a just a Cretaceous Age human boy taking the family’s pet dinosaur for a stroll by the river?)

Geologists and palaeontologists are totally baffled by this particular find, and have no explanations other than the obvious ones. Either Man must have been a contemporary of the dinosaurs - or time-travel must be a reality! Personally, I would happily settle for the first explanation - which lends a considerable measure of support to my earlier hypothesis regarding the extreme antiquity of humanity upon this planet!

Back to The Mind
However, harking back to our opening discussion regarding super-senses, I don’t believe that humans have necessarily lost these ancient powers of the mind irretrievably. There has been a great resurgence of of ESP development over the past decade or so, and science has begun to accept that Extra Sensory Perception (ESP) is not only a possibility but a reality. I think this is probably due to the fact that the military uses of Remote Viewing, as a case in point, has proved out to be a genuine faculty of the mind in certain people. These are psychically-strong people who have developed this ability into a powerful psychic skill. It can be taught by them to almost anyone who has sufficient psychological discipline as to be able to focus their full mental attention in a specified mental direction at a defined target. Once this control is achieved, the required power can be developed and fine-tuned by regularly exercising the mind to its full extent.

ESP has come a long way since the necromantic days of “ghost-laying” and “spiritualist seances” at the turn of the 20th century, and it has gained considerable credibility and respectability over the past decade, even among men of science. The actual term “Parapsychology” was coined by Science specifically in order to acceptably label the study of psychic phenomena as a genuine area of scientific reasearch. An area that would otherwise lie outside its normal physical parameters. Thus, all the ESP faculties can now legitimately be considered to be within the accepted bounds of science. These faculties include: Precognition; Clairvoyance; Telepathy; Psychokinesis; Levitation and Teleportation. Even Kirlian photography of human and biological “auras” is an accepted scientific study today and has produced some astonishing results.

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